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The base of the tower crane is usually bolted to a huge concrete pad which provides very necessary support. The base is attached to a mast or a tower and stabilizes the crane which is connected to the inside of the structure of the building. Usually, this attachment point is to a concrete lift or to an elevator shaft.
Generally, the mast is a triangulated lattice structure measuring 10 feet square or 0.9m2. The slewing unit is connected to the very top of the mast. The slewing unit is made of a motor and a gear which enable the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of eighty meters or two hundred sixty five feet. The tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is 16,642 kilograms or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety pounds with counter weights of 20 tons. Moreover, two limit switches are used in order to ensure the operator does not overload the crane. There is also one more safety feature called a load moment switch to ensure that the operator does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Finally, the maximum reach of a tower crane is two hundred thirty feet or seventy meters.
There is certainly a science involved with erecting a tower crane, specially because of their extreme heights. First, the stationary structure needs to be brought to the construction location by using a large tractor-trailer rig setup. Then, a mobile crane is utilized so as to assemble the machinery portion of the jib and the crane. Afterwards, these sections are attached to the mast. After that, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes could be a few of the other industrial machinery which is commonly utilized to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane when the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane is able to match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is called a top climber or a climbing frame that fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are used to adjust the slewing unit up an additional 6.1m or twenty feet. Then, the driver of the crane uses the crane to insert and bolt into position another mast part piece.
Utilizing a Standard Counterbalance Forklift
1 Before using the machine, perform a pre-shift check. Occupational Safety and Health Administration guidelines do state that pre-shift checklists have to be carried out every day or every shift. Each different machine as well as its attachments has its own checklist listing brakes, steering, lights, emergency brakes, horn, controls and safety features.
2 Start up the machinery and check controls. Primarily ensure your seatbelt is fixed firmly and the seat is firmly in place and adjusted for your comfort. Look underneath the machinery after you move it for any indications of leaks. The operation of every type of forklift is different.
3 The basic operation of a machine is basically as opposed to a standard motor vehicle. The forklift has a rear end swing of the forklift happens because the truck steers using its rear wheels. Forgetting this information is a main reasons for accidents and injuries to employees. The almost 90-degree turn from the front wheels should be done with utmost care. These top-heavy machines have a high center of gravity even without a load. When moving or lifting a load this top-heaviness is exacerbated.
4 When traveling, keep the forks near the floor and utilize caution when approaching loads. Make certain that the forks line up with the pallet. Lift the load only as high as is required, tilting it back to help stabilize the machinery. Only drive backwards if the load is so big that it obstructs the vision of the driver.
5 Prior to unloading and loading, check the wheels on trailers/trucks. When carrying a load, it is not advised to travel on slopes. The machinery could tip over on an incline. When driving on a slope is unavoidable, always drive up the incline and back down. The load must be kept on the uphill side of the truck.
6 The operator should be definitely in control at all times. The main reason for operator injuries is tip-over. The operator must never try to jump out of the truck in the event of a tip-over. The safest method is to lean away from the direction of fall while holding the steering wheel and bracing your feet.
