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Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of 80m or two hundred sixty five feet, while the minimum lifting capacity of a tower crane is sixteen thousand six hundred forty two kilograms or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety pounds with counter weights of 20 tons. Additionally, two limit switches are utilized in order to ensure the operator does not overload the crane. There is even another safety feature called a load moment switch to ensure that the driver does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Lastly, the maximum reach of a tower crane is 230 feet or 70 meters.
There is certainly a science involved with erecting a tower crane, especially due to their extreme heights. First, the stationary structure needs to be brought to the construction site by utilizing a huge tractor-trailer rig setup. Then, a mobile crane is utilized in order to assemble the machinery part of the jib and the crane. These sections are then connected to the mast. The mobile crane then adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes can be a few of the other industrial machinery which is used to erect a crane.
As the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height is able to match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is known as a climbing frame or a top climber that fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an additional 6.1m or 20 feet. Next, the driver of the crane utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into place one more mast section piece.
The meaning of a "loaded container" for the purpose of securing and container handling; is a container other than in the tare or empty condition. Containers must be treated as loaded, unless otherwise confirmed. In order to maintain safety, when handling or securing containers, environmental conditions like for example wind should be considered. The word loaded is the container's maximum gross weigh rating. To be able to ensure that the centre of gravity is kept as low and central as possible, the load should be evenly distributed throughout the container.
In order to maintain safety, having an evenly distributed cargo is helpful to avoid excessive tilting, and lack of vehicle stability. A load which is even helps to prevent unacceptable load concentrations, and unacceptable vehicle axle loading.
The eccentricity of the center of gravity differs, with the distribution of load in the container. It is very important that the designers of handling machinery and containers take this into consideration in the engineering process. For instance, when 60 percent of the load by mass is distributed in fifty percent of the container length measured from one end of the machine, the eccentricity corresponds to 5 percent.
In order to make sure that the machine utilized is right for the load, care needs to be taken to make sure it is safely attached to the container and that the container is free to be handled. Specific attention has to be paid to the risk of the container tilting due to the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When raising any container whose centre of gravity is eccentric or mobile, like a bulk container, a tank container or a container with a liquid bulk bag or a thermal container with a refrigerating unit, either integral or clip on, or any container with a hanging load, great care should be taken when raising these.
