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A torque converter is actually a fluid coupling which is utilized in order to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, that is an electric motor or an internal combustion engine, to a rotating driven load. The torque converter is like a basic fluid coupling to take the place of a mechanical clutch. This allows the load to be separated from the main power source. A torque converter could provide the equivalent of a reduction gear by being able to multiply torque when there is a significant difference between output and input rotational speed.
The fluid coupling kind is the most common kind of torque converter utilized in car transmissions. In the 1920's there were pendulum-based torque or likewise called Constantinesco converter. There are different mechanical designs for always changeable transmissions which could multiply torque. For instance, the Variomatic is one kind that has expanding pulleys and a belt drive.
The 2 element drive fluid coupling could not multiply torque. Torque converters have an part called a stator. This changes the drive's characteristics through occasions of high slippage and generates an increase in torque output.
Inside a torque converter, there are at least of three rotating elements: the turbine, in order to drive the load, the impeller that is driven mechanically driven by the prime mover and the stator. The stator is between the turbine and the impeller so that it can alter oil flow returning from the turbine to the impeller. Traditionally, the design of the torque converter dictates that the stator be prevented from rotating under whichever situation and this is where the word stator begins from. In point of fact, the stator is mounted on an overrunning clutch. This design stops the stator from counter rotating with respect to the prime mover while still allowing forward rotation.
In the three element design there have been modifications that have been integrated periodically. Where there is higher than normal torque manipulation is considered necessary, changes to the modifications have proven to be worthy. More often than not, these modifications have taken the form of many stators and turbines. Every set has been meant to generate differing amounts of torque multiplication. Various instances comprise the Dynaflow that makes use of a five element converter to be able to produce the wide range of torque multiplication required to propel a heavy vehicle.
Different car converters comprise a lock-up clutch so as to reduce heat and to improve the cruising power and transmission efficiency, even if it is not strictly part of the torque converter design. The application of the clutch locks the turbine to the impeller. This causes all power transmission to be mechanical which eliminates losses related with fluid drive.
